5 Types of Degrees: Associate, Bachelor’s, Master’s, Doctoral, and Professional

Types of college degrees include associate, bachelor’s, master’s, doctorate and professional levels, each serving distinct academic and professional goals. College degrees are structured qualifications awarded at undergraduate and graduate levels, enabling upward mobility, subject expertise and access to advanced careers.

Associate degrees require 60 credits over two years and are offered by community colleges and technical institutions. College degree formats such as the Associate of Arts (AA), Associate of Science (AS) and Associate of Applied Science (AAS) support either university transfer or direct workforce entry. Tuition for associate degrees ranges from $4,027 to $19,517 per year based on the institution. Articulation agreements shape transfer pathways from associate to bachelor’s degrees.

Bachelor’s degrees demand 120 credits over four years and are offered in various forms including the Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BS), Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA), Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS) and Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch). Costs for bachelor’s degree vary between $9,834 and $40,713 annually depending on residency and institution type. Bachelor’s degrees open roles in finance, education, marketing and technology sectors.

Master’s degrees require 30 to 60 credits and last one to three years. Master’s degrees include programs such as the Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MS), Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Education (M.Ed.), Master of Fine Arts (MFA) and Master of Laws (LL.M.), each aligned with advanced career tracks. Graduates often become data scientists, economists or clinical specialists.

Doctorate degrees are terminal credentials taking four to seven years and 60 to 120 credits, involving research, dissertations or clinical practice. Types of doctorates include the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Doctor of Education (EdD), Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) and Doctor of Medicine (MD). The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) emphasizes academic theory and original research, while professional doctorates like the Doctor of Education (EdD) and Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) apply knowledge to real-world challenges. Graduates work in higher education, law, healthcare and research.

Professional degrees authorize licensure in law, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry and veterinary fields. Common professional degrees include the Doctor of Medicine (MD), Juris Doctor (JD), Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) and Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS)/Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD), with admission requiring standardized exams such as the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), Law School Admission Test (LSAT) or Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

College degree difficulty levels vary: a chemistry degree is considered the hardest, with an average GPA of 2.78, while religious studies and humanities rank among the easiest, with average GPAs of 3.40.

College degree formats include dual degrees, accelerated pacing, competency-based learning, part-time and full-time enrollment. Online degree programs offer flexibility for working adults and remote learners, while competency-based programs reward mastery over seat time.

1. Associate Degrees

An associate degree is a post-secondary, two-year undergraduate credential awarded by community colleges, technical colleges and universities. An associate’s degree program provides foundational knowledge in a specific field and sits between a high school diploma and a bachelor’s degree. An associate degree program takes two years for full-time students to complete 60 semester credits, while part-time students take longer to complete. Associate degree programs require a high school diploma or a GED certificate for admission and do not require standardized tests.

An associate degree’s cost varies by institution type and delivery format. An associate degree in public two-year colleges costs $4,027 per year for tuition and fees. An associate degree in private institutions charge between $16,301 and $19,517 annually.

Associate degree applicants are eligible for federal financial aid, state grants, institutional scholarships and work-study programs. Community colleges offer tuition waivers and scholarships to lower total expenses. They are offered on-campus, online, hybrid and accelerated formats to meet student needs.

Find below a list of the common types of associate degrees.

Associate of Arts (AA). The Associate of Arts (AA) focuses on liberal arts, humanities and social sciences. An AA degree is designed primarily for transferability to a bachelor’s program, forming a foundational education pathway in non-technical disciplines.
Associate of Science (AS). The Associate of Science (AS) focuses on science, mathematics and technical fields. An AS degree serves as a stepping stone intended for transfer to four-year programs.
Associate of Applied Science (AAS). The Associate of Applied Science (AAS) focuses on career-readiness and field-specific training. The AAS degree emphasizes employment readiness, equipping students with practical and technical skills for immediate workforce entry, including fields in healthcare, technology and business. The AAS, unlike the AA or AS, is not intended for transfer, highlighting its distinct role in vocational education.

Associate degrees require two years and 60 credits, while bachelor’s degrees require four years and 120 credits. Associate programs teach foundational or career-specific skills and cost X less, with minimal admission requirements, while bachelor’s degrees offer deeper major-focused study, require stronger academic credentials and lead to broader career or graduate opportunities.

Associate degrees are used as a transfer pathway into bachelor’s programs by most students. Credits earned through AA and AS degrees transfer to four-year institutions, allowing students to enter as juniors and finish their bachelor’s degrees in two more years. An associate degree’s vertical mobility lowers education costs and increases flexibility. Associate degree students must review articulation agreements and transfer policies, as credit transfers are not automatic and vary by institution and state.

Associate degree graduates accounted for 24.5% of all college graduates or a total of 1,008,290 students in 2022. Associate degrees lead to careers offering competitive salaries and positive job outlooks across healthcare, technology, law and aviation.

Find below a table of the common roles for associate degree holders, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

2. Bachelor’s Degrees

A bachelor’s degree is an undergraduate academic qualification awarded after completing a 120-credit program lasting three to six years. A bachelor’s degree takes four years of full-time study. A bachelor’s degree serves as a standard entry requirement for professional careers and graduate education. Bachelor’s degree admission requires a high school diploma or equivalent, GPA and standardized test scores. These undergraduate degrees are offered in on-campus, online, hybrid and accelerated formats.
A bachelor’s degree costs $9,834 for public in-state institutions, $28,297 for public out-of-state and between $18,241 and $40,713 for private institutions annually. Bachelor’s degree applicants are eligible for financial aid including grants, scholarships, work-study and loans.

Find below a list of the common types of bachelor’s degrees.

Bachelor of Arts (BA). The Bachelor of Arts (BA) focuses on a liberal arts curriculum, offering foundational knowledge in the humanities, languages and social sciences.
Bachelor of Science (BS/BSc). The Bachelor of Science (BS/BSc) focuses on quantitative and empirical disciplines, emphasizing mathematics, natural sciences and technical expertise.
Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA). The Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) focuses on creative expression through intensive study in visual, performing or media arts.
Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS). The Bachelor of Applied Science (BAS) focuses on industry-relevant knowledge and the practical application of scientific and technical principles.
Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch). The Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch) focuses on architectural design, structural systems and urban planning, offering a professional degree that qualifies graduates for licensure in architecture.

A bachelor’s degree accepts credit transfers from associate degrees through articulation agreements. A bachelor’s degree qualifies students for master’s programs and some universities offer dual-degree or accelerated tracks that combine bachelor’s and master’s coursework. A bachelor’s degree sometimes provides direct access to doctoral programs, but most require a completed master’s degree.

A bachelor’s degree was awarded to 2.015 million graduates in 2022. The number of bachelor’s degrees awarded has increased 12.4% since 2012 and 56% since 2002.

Find below a table of the common roles for bachelor’s degree holders, according to the BLS.

Job Title	Median Salary	Job Outlook
Air Traffic Controller	$144,580	Stable 3%
Nuclear Technician	$104,240	Declining -6%
Radiation Therapist	$101,990	Stable 3%
Web Developer	$95,380	Growing 8%
Dental Hygienist	$94,260	Growing 9%
Diagnostic Medical Sonographer	$89,340	Growing 11%
Respiratory Therapist	$80,450	Growing 13%
Computer Network Support Specialist	$61,550	Growing 6%
Paralegal	$61,010	Stable 1%
Veterinary Technician	$45,980	Growing 19%

3. Master’s Degrees

A master’s degree is a graduate-level academic qualification awarded after completing advanced study in a specific field. A master’s degree follows a bachelor’s degree and requires 30 to 60 credits over 1 to 3 years. Master’s programs develop specialized knowledge and practical skills and include research or a thesis. Master’s degree programs prepare graduates for advanced professional roles or further academic study, such as a doctorate.

Master’s degree programs require a completed bachelor’s degree and a minimum GPA of 3.0 for admission. Some master’s programs require GRE or GMAT scores, while others waive test requirements and place greater emphasis on other components. Common master’s degree application materials include recommendation letters, a personal statement, a resume or CV and relevant academic or professional experience.

A master’s degree costs between $11,090 and $66,600 at public institutions and between $7,545 and $53,600 at private institutions. A master’s program offers financial aid, including federal and state grants, scholarships, work-study, assistantships and loans. Master’s programs are available on campus, online and in hybrid formats. Accelerated master’s programs and dual-degree options are offered by some institutions.

Find below a list of the common types of master’s degrees.

Master of Arts (MA). The Master of Arts (MA) focuses on advanced studies in the humanities, social sciences and liberal arts, fostering critical thinking, research proficiency and interdisciplinary analysis for careers in education, communication or public service.
Master of Science (MS). The Master of Science (MS) focuses on technical and scientific disciplines, including STEM fields such as engineering, computer science and data analytics, emphasizing empirical methods and problem-solving.
Master of Business Administration (MBA). The Master of Business Administration (MBA) focuses on organizational leadership, strategic management and business innovation, preparing professionals for executive roles through a curriculum that blends theory with applied business practices.
Master of Education (M.Ed.). The Master of Education (M.Ed.) focuses on educational theory, curriculum development and instructional leadership, equipping educators for advanced teaching roles, school administration or policy work.
Master of Fine Arts (MFA). The Master of Fine Arts (MFA) focuses on creative mastery in fields such as writing, film, theater or visual arts, offering studio-based training for professional practice or academic careers in the arts.
Master of Laws (LL.M.). The Master of Laws (LL.M.) focuses on specialized legal study, allowing law graduates to deepen expertise in areas such as international law, taxation or human rights, a common pathway to international legal practice or academic roles.

Master’s programs allow transfer of up to 12 graduate credits based on academic performance and institutional approval. A master’s degree is required for doctoral admission, but certain doctoral programs accept students directly from a bachelor’s degree. Combined bachelor’s/master’s or master’s/doctoral programs are offered by some universities to accelerate progress.

A master’s degree results in higher salaries and more advanced career opportunities. Master’s degrees conferred in 2022 totaled 880,249, making up 13% of the workforce. Master’s degree holders earned a median weekly salary of $1,840 compared to $1,540 for bachelor’s degree holders.

Find below a table of the common roles for master’s degree holders, according to the BLS.

Job Title	Median Salary	Job Outlook
Computer and Information Research Scientist	$140,910	Growing 26%
Political Scientist	$139,380	Growing 3%
Physician Assistant	$133,260	Growing 28%
Economist	$115,440	Growing 5%
Industrial-Organizational Psychologist	$109,840	Growing 6%
Statisticians	$103,300	Growing 12%
Genetic Counselor	$98,910	Growing 16%
Speech-Language Pathologist	$95,410	Growing 18%
Epidemiologist	$83,980	Growing 19%
Marriage and Family Therapist	$63,780	Growing 16%

4. Doctorate Degrees

Doctorate degree represents the highest academic credential and serves as the terminal qualification in graduate education. Doctorate program completion requires 60 to 120 credit hours, including advanced coursework, original research and a dissertation. Doctorate degree programs last 4 to 7 years, with accelerated formats completing in 3 years.

Doctorate degree program admission requires a bachelor’s or master’s degree, a GPA of 3.5 or higher and includes GRE or GMAT scores. Doctoral program applications must include transcripts, recommendation letters, a personal statement or research proposal and an interview.

Doctorate degree costs vary by institution and delivery format. Doctorate programs in public institutions charge between $10,202 and $46,991 for residents and between $26,637 and $65,306 for non-residents, while private institutions charge between $7,110 and $56,279 annually. Doctoral programs offer financial aid and support up to 85% of doctoral students through fellowships, scholarships, grants and assistantships. Doctorate research programs offer full funding through tuition waivers and stipends in exchange for teaching or research work. Doctorate degrees are delivered through on-campus, online, hybrid, accelerated or dual degree formats.

Find below a list of the common types of doctorate degrees.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) focuses on original research and interdisciplinary scholarship to advance knowledge across academic disciplines.
Doctor of Education (EdD). Doctor of Education (EdD) focuses on the practical application of research to improve educational leadership and solve systemic challenges in schools and organizations.
Doctor of Business Administration (DBA). Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) focuses on applying advanced business research to enhance executive decision-making, leadership and corporate strategy.
Doctor of Medicine (MD). Doctor of Medicine (MD) focuses on clinical training and patient care through a rigorous curriculum of biomedical sciences and hands-on medical practice.

The main difference between a doctorate and a master’s degree is the academic level, focus and career outcome. Doctorate degrees emphasize original research, span 4 to 7 years and lead to academic, research or high-level roles. Master’s degrees focus on advanced coursework, take 1 to 2 years and support mid-level or entry leadership careers.

Doctorate programs include academic PhDs, centered on theory and research and professional doctorates, like EdD, DBA and MD, aimed at practical solutions. Doctorate programs allow up to 33 credits to transfer from prior doctoral work, depending on program policies. Doctorate programs follow a progression from bachelor’s to master’s degrees, while some doctoral programs allow direct entry from a bachelor’s degree. Doctorate degrees conferred in 2022 reached a total of 203,884. Popular doctoral degree fields include healthcare (43%), law (17.9%), education (7.3%) and engineering (5.9%).

Doctorate graduates work in academia, research, industry, consulting, administration and entrepreneurship. Doctorate holders have higher earnings than those with lower degrees. Doctoral or professional degree holders earn $44,600 more per year than master’s degree holders based on median annual wages. Doctorate degree outcomes depend on the field and type of program pursued. Doctorate degrees commonly lead to academic and research roles, while industry roles offer additional career opportunities.

Find below a table of the common roles for doctorate degree holders, according to the BLS.

Job Title	Median Salary	Job Outlook
Astronomers	$132,170	Growing 7%
Judges and Hearing Officers	$135,160	Growing 3%
Law Teachers, Postsecondary	$126,650	Stable 2%
Psychologists	$94,310	Growing 7%
Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary	$79,940	Growing 18%

5. Professional Degrees

A professional degree is a specialized graduate-level degree that prepares individuals for licensed practice in regulated fields such as medicine, law, pharmacy, dentistry and architecture. Professional degrees provide academic and practical training required for licensure and differ from academic or research-focused degrees. A professional degree is required to begin work in many regulated professions. Professional degrees exist at the bachelor’s or master’s level in certain fields, like the Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) and the Master of Architecture (M.Arch.).

Find below a list of the common types of professional degrees.

Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). The Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree qualifies individuals to practice medicine and provide medical care to patients.
Juris Doctor (J.D.). The Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree qualifies individuals to practice law and represent clients in legal matters.
Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.). The Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree prepares individuals to become licensed pharmacists and provide medication management and counseling.
Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.) or Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.). The Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.)or Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.) degree qualifies individuals to practice dentistry and provide oral healthcare.
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.). The Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) degree qualifies individuals to diagnose and treat animals and manage animal health.

Professional degrees require different durations depending on the field. JD degrees require 3 years post-bachelor’s. MD degrees, PharmD degrees and DDS/DMD degrees require 4 years post-bachelor’s. Professional master’s degrees require 1 to 2 years post-bachelor’s. The U.S. Department of Education defines professional degrees as requiring at least six years of higher education, including prior college work. Professional master’s degrees require a minimum of 30 graduate-level credits, including 18 credits at advanced levels. Doctoral professional degrees require more than 60 semester hours post-bachelor’s.

Professional degrees require a prior bachelor’s degree for admission in fields such as law, medicine and pharmacy. Other professional degree programs allow direct entry after secondary education, in fields like nursing and social work. Professional degrees require a minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale, with competitive programs demanding higher GPA.

Professional degrees require standardized tests that vary by field. Find below a list of the common fields and the tests they require.

Law. Law applicants must submit LSAT scores.
Medicine. Medicine applicants must submit MCAT scores.
Pharmacy. Pharmacy applicants must submit PCAT scores.
Business. Business applicants must submit GMAT or GRE scores.
General Studies. General Studies graduate applicants must submit GRE scores.

Find below a table of the common roles for professional degree holders, according to the BLS.

Job Title	Median Salary	Job Outlook
Dentists	$179,210	Growing 5%
Lawyers	$151,160	Growing 5%
Pharmacists	$137,480	Growing 5%
Architects	$96,690	Growing 8%
Business Teachers, Postsecondary	$97,270	Growing 7%

What Are the Different Degree Formats and Delivery Methods?

Find below a list of the different degree formats and delivery methods.

Dual Degree Programs. Dual degree programs allow students to earn two distinct college degrees simultaneously from different academic fields or institutions, maximizing both specialization and career opportunities.
Accelerated Degree Programs. Accelerated degree programs enable students to complete a college degree in less time than traditional pathways by offering shorter terms, intensive coursework and year-round scheduling.
Competency-Based Degree Programs. Competency-based degree programs let students earn a college degree by demonstrating mastery of specific skills or knowledge, advancing based on performance rather than seat time.
Online Degrees. Online degrees offer complete remote access to coursework and instruction, making it possible to earn a college degree from anywhere, with asynchronous learning options.
Hybrid/Blended Degree Programs. Hybrid or blended degree programs combine online and in-person instruction, offering students the flexibility of remote study with the benefits of classroom engagement.
Part-Time and Full-Time Degrees. Part-time and full-time degrees define the pace of a college degree program; part-time students take fewer courses per term, while full-time students commit to a heavier course load for faster completion.

1. Dual Degree Programs

Dual degree programs combine two distinct degrees, like a bachelor’s and master’s, within one structured curriculum. A dual degree program maintains separate academic standards for each degree and is awarded independently. Dual degree programs reduce overall time and cost by integrating coursework, but require heavier workloads and institutional approval for credit overlap and curriculum integration.

Dual degree programs combine undergraduate and graduate coursework and begin graduate-level study early. Dual degree program delivery varies by institution and may be in-person, online or hybrid. Dual degrees reduce time and cost but require a heavier course load.

Dual degree programs require admission to both programs for eligibility, with a minimum high school or college GPA of 3.0 and Advance Placement (AP) or prior college credits when required. Dual degrees attract students with career goals or interests in complementary fields like engineering and business. Dual degree programs vary in duration, with many bachelor’s to master’s pathways completed in 5 years through 4+1 programs, which reduce time compared to earning each degree separately.

Dual degree programs provide students broader skill sets and stronger career outcomes, though they face heavy workloads and reduced flexibility in course selection. All dual degree programs comply with accreditation standards to maintain academic rigor.

2. Accelerated Degree Programs

Accelerated degree programs condense coursework to shorten degree completion and are classified as a structural model. Accelerated degree programs offer intensive courses lasting 5 to 12 weeks with higher weekly time demands instead of the standard 15 to 16 weeks. Accelerated degree program delivery includes in-person, online and hybrid formats. Accelerated programs feature compressed schedules and focused curricula that remove nonessential coursework. Accelerated programs support faster workforce entry.

Accelerated degree programs require prior college credits, a minimum 3.0 GPA or a bachelor’s degree for entry into accelerated graduate programs. Accelerated degree programs enroll motivated students, career-changers or students with strong time-management skills.

Accelerated degrees take 3 years or less to complete at the bachelor’s level, compared to the traditional 4 to 5 years. Accelerated programs such as Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) programs take between 12 and 24 months, significantly reducing time to completion. Accelerated degree programs are commonly offered in nursing, computer science, business and education fields at both undergraduate and graduate levels.

Accelerated degree programs offer faster graduation, cost savings and equivalent academic standards, though carrying risks such as burnout and limited time for extracurriculars. Accelerated degrees meet the same accreditation standards as traditional programs, ensuring consistent academic quality.

3. Competency-Based Degree Programs

Competency-based degree programs focus on mastering skills rather than completing courses and are classified as a structural model. Competency-based degrees organize content by specific competencies and let students progress after demonstrating proficiency through assessments or projects.

Competency-based degree programs are delivered online, with flexible pacing and regular faculty interaction, unlike rigid semester-based schedules. Competency-based degree programs require a high school diploma or prior college credits for admission, with no strict GPA threshold, attracting nontraditional students, working professionals and students seeking adaptable learning formats. Competency-based degrees vary in length based on student pacing, shortening time to completion to between 1 and 2.5 years for a bachelor’s degree.

Competency-based degrees are common in fields such as business, IT, nursing and education and are available at undergraduate and graduate levels. Competency-based degree programs offer flexibility, cost savings through subscription-based pricing – a monthly or annual recurring fee and personalized learning pathways, but require strong self-discipline and are limited in field availability. Competency-based degree programs meet accreditation standards that require consistent student-instructor interaction and compliance with federal financial aid programs.

4. Online Degrees

Online degrees are academic programs delivered entirely through digital platforms. Online degrees use virtual classrooms, recorded lectures and online assessments without requiring campus visits, unlike traditional in-person formats.

Online degree programs offer flexible scheduling through asynchronous formats, allowing students to study independently, while certain programs include live sessions. Online degree coursework mirrors traditional content and is accessed through learning management systems. Online degree programs require a high school diploma or prior college credits for eligibility, with no strict GPA minimum, appealing to working adults, parents and remote learners. Online degrees match traditional timelines, with bachelor’s degrees taking four years and master’s degrees taking one to two years, while self-paced models reduce completion time.

Online degrees are common in business, education, IT and nursing across associate to doctoral levels. Online degree programs offer flexibility, reduced commuting costs and equivalent academic standards, but require strong self-discipline and provide limited social interaction. Online degree programs follow regional or national accreditation standards and provide comprehensive student support under federal policy.

Online degree enrollment reached 9.4 million students or 61% of all undergraduate students in at least one distance education course, while 4.4 million students (28%) enrolled exclusively in online education in Fall of 2021, according to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).

5. Hybrid/Blended Degree Programs

Hybrid or blended degree programs combine online and in-person instruction. Hybrid degree programs split coursework between virtual modules and on-campus sessions, unlike fully in-person formats, balancing flexibility and face-to-face engagement.

Hybrid degree programs follow varied schedules, with asynchronous online components and in-person classes held at set times. Hybrid degrees support interactive learning while reducing required campus presence. Hybrid degree programs include standard admission requirements for eligibility, including high school diploma and a minimum GPA between 2.5 and 3.0, attracting students seeking flexibility with in-person interaction, including working professionals and local learners.

Hybrid degrees align with traditional timelines, taking 4 years for bachelor’s degrees and 1 to 2 years for master’s degrees, with minimal impact on completion time. Hybrid degree programs are common in fields such as education, business, healthcare and engineering, primarily at undergraduate and graduate levels. Hybrid degrees provide flexibility, in-person networking opportunities and strong academic standards, but involve commuting costs and scheduling constraints. Hybrid degree programs meet accreditation standards applied to traditional formats, ensuring consistent instructional quality across both delivery methods.

6. Part-Time and Full-Time Degrees

Part-time degrees involve taking 6 to 11 credits per semester, which extends the overall study duration, according to the Federal Student Aid under the U.S. Department of Education. Full-time degrees require 12 to 15 credits per semester and follow standard academic pacing.

Part-time degrees offer flexible scheduling, including evening or online classes. Full-time degrees follow structured daytime schedules and are delivered in-person, online or in hybrid formats. Eligibility to part-time and full-time degrees follows standard admission requirements such as a high school diploma or equivalent. Part-time degrees suit working adults, parents or individuals needing flexibility. Full-time degrees fit traditional students following a continuous academic path.

Part-time bachelor’s degrees take 5 to 8 years to complete, while full-time bachelor’s degrees take 4 years on average. Part-time and full-time master’s degrees follow the same enrollment structure, with full-time completion taking 1 to 2 years and part-time taking longer depending on course load.

Part-time and full-time degrees are common in business, education and liberal arts and are available at all academic levels. Part-time degrees offer greater flexibility but increase time completion and cost. Full-time degrees provide time efficiency but less flexibility. Part-time and full-time degrees meet the same accreditation standards and maintain consistent academic expectations.

Part-time and full-time degree enrollment at degree-granting institutions declined by 15% between Fall 2010 and Fall 2021, falling from 18.1 million to 15.4 million undergraduate students, according to NCES.

What Are the Levels of College Degrees Ranked from Lowest to Highest?

The main levels of college degrees ranked from lowest to highest are associate, bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate degrees. Academic degree progression begins with a high school diploma or equivalent. An associate degree may be earned before a bachelor’s degree but is not required. A master’s degree and a doctorate may follow a bachelor’s degree depending on academic or professional goals.

Find below a table of the levels of college degrees.

Degree Type	Academic Level	Typical Duration	Entry Requirements	Common Fields of Study	Career Path Examples
Associate	Undergraduate	2 years	High school diploma or GED	Liberal arts, sciences	Technician, entry-level careers
Bachelor’s	Undergraduate	4 years	High school diploma or GED	Business, engineering, arts	Manager, engineer, teacher
Master’s	Graduate	1 to 3 years	Bachelor’s degree	Business, health, sciences	Analyst, therapist, administrator
Doctorate	Graduate	4 to 7 years	Master’s, when required	Education, research, STEM	Professor, scientist, physician

Higher academic degrees offer increased upward mobility, specialized knowledge and access to advanced career opportunities. The academic degree levels build in sequence, leading to deeper expertise and broader access to leadership roles in professional fields.

What Is the Hardest Degree to Get?

Chemistry is considered the hardest degree to earn based on average GPA. Chemistry degree students report the lowest average GPA (2.78) among major fields, which reflects the program’s rigorous grading, complex subject matter and demanding coursework. Other fields with low average GPAs include mathematics and economics, reflecting their emphasis on abstract reasoning, quantitative analysis and precision.

College degrees with lower average GPAs reflect stricter evaluation standards and limited grading subjectivity. Degree programs in physics, engineering and computer science require strong technical and problem-solving skills, which contribute to their relatively low average GPAs despite differences in content and format.

Find below a list of the difficult majors to get by average GPA:

Chemistry – 2.78 GPA. Chemistry – 2.78 GPA reflects the academic intensity of this college major, with one of the lowest average GPAs due to its demanding lab work, complex theories and reliance on advanced mathematics.
Mathematics – 2.90 GPA. Mathematics – 2.90 GPA demonstrates the challenge of mastering abstract concepts, where performance is judged with absolute precision and minimal margin for partial credit.
Economics – 2.95 GPA. Economics – 2.95 GPA highlights the blend of quantitative analysis and theoretical modeling, making it a tough college major with consistently rigorous coursework.
Biology – 3.02 GPA. Biology – 3.02 GPA indicates the academic pressure of integrating memorization, systems thinking and lab analysis across multiple scientific domains.
Geology – 3.03 GPA. Geology – 3.03 GPA represents the challenge of a science-heavy curriculum that includes fieldwork, lab reports and a firm foundation in chemistry and physics.
Philosophy – 3.08 GPA. Philosophy – 3.08 GPA shows the intellectual rigor of this college major, emphasizing logical reasoning, critical analysis and engagement with dense theoretical texts.
Finance – 3.08 GPA. Finance – 3.08 GPA reflects the technical and analytical complexity of navigating financial systems, investment theory and risk assessment.
Physics – 3.10 GPA. Physics – 3.10 GPA signals a difficult blend of advanced mathematics and conceptual abstraction, requiring students to master high-level problem-solving under pressure.
Computer Science – 3.13 GPA. Computer Science – 3.13 GPA reveals a balance of technical intensity and practical application, combining programming, algorithms and systems design in a fast-evolving field.
Mechanical Engineering – 3.17 GPA. Mechanical Engineering – 3.17 GPA illustrates the workload and complexity of applying engineering principles to solve real-world problems, despite slightly higher average grades compared to other STEM fields.

Academic difficulty depends on more than coursework alone. Time commitment is a major factor when programs require extensive lab work, field study or long hours outside of class. Grading policies and course design vary, with some programs enforcing strict curves or placing heavy weight on final exams.

Student background shapes how difficult a degree feels. A student strong in math may find engineering manageable but struggle in writing-heavy disciplines. College programs with high attrition rates or competitive environments increase pressure. A number of college degrees include external requirements like licensing exams, clinical placements or capstone projects, adding to the overall challenge.

What’s “hard” is subjective and depends on a student’s strengths, learning style and long-term goals. The hardest college degree to get is the one that demands the most from you – academically, practically and personally – through every stage of the degree program.

What Is the Simplest Degree to Get?

Religious studies and humanities are considered the simplest degrees to get based on average GPA, each with an average GPA of 3.40, the highest among major fields. Other high-GPA majors include English, creative writing, music, health and anthropology. High average GPAs indicate less stringent grading or more accessible coursework compared to STEM or quantitatively intensive programs.

Find below a list of the simplest degrees to get by average GPA:.

Religious Studies – 3.40 GPA. Religious Studies – 3.40 GPA ranks as one of the easiest college majors by GPA, emphasizing interpretation, writing and discussion, with minimal technical or quantitative assessment.
Humanities – 3.40 GPA. Humanities – 3.40 GPA represents a broad college major that focuses on literature, philosophy and history, with coursework that encourages critical thinking over technical analysis.
English – 3.36 GPA. English – 3.36 GPA is a college major centered on literary analysis and composition, with GPA reflecting its subjective grading and lack of quantitative rigor.
Creative Writing – 3.36 GPA. Creative Writing – 3.36 GPA is a highly expressive college major, where grades are based on narrative skill and creativity, contributing to its higher GPA.
Music – 3.36 GPA. Music – 3.36 GPA as a college major relies on performance and theory, with grading based on participation and talent rather than standardized testing.
Health – 3.35 GPA. Health – 3.35 GPA includes topics like public health and healthcare administration, making it a college major with practical applications and fewer technical challenges than clinical sciences.
Anthropology – 3.34 GPA. Anthropology – 3.34 GPA is a research- and writing-intensive college major, with grading less dependent on quantitative methods, leading to a relatively high GPA.
Sociology – 3.34 GPA. Sociology – 3.34 GPA is a college major focused on social systems and behavior, assessed through essays and research rather than technical exams.
History – 3.32 GPA. History – 3.32 GPA involves deep analysis of historical events and trends, with grading based on written interpretation rather than mathematical or scientific accuracy.
Education – 3.31 GPA. Education – 3.31 GPA is a college major with a practical teaching focus, less technical coursework and assessments aligned with lesson planning and pedagogy.
Linguistics – 3.30 GPA. Linguistics – 3.30 GPA is a college major blending language structure and cultural analysis, with a balance of technical and subjective grading, resulting in a fairly high GPA.
Psychology – 3.20 GPA. Psychology – 3.20 GPA covers human behavior and mental processes, with GPA influenced by accessible coursework and moderate statistical requirements.
Communications – 3.20 GPA. Communications – 3.20 GPA is a college major focused on media, messaging and public speaking, with grading based on participation and projects.
Criminal Justice – 3.17 GPA. Criminal Justice – 3.17 GPA is a college major that combines law, enforcement and social systems, with a GPA indicating less technical rigor than STEM fields.
Social Work – 3.17 GPA. Social Work – 3.17 GPA prepares students for service-based careers, with grading shaped by fieldwork, ethics and applied learning, though slightly more structured than other social sciences.
Liberal Arts – 3.11 GPA. Liberal Arts – 3.11 GPA is an interdisciplinary college major offering flexibility, but its lower GPA on this list of simplest degrees to get indicates inconsistent coursework difficulty or evaluation standards.

Degrees considered “easier” have less selective admissions, no thesis or capstone requirement and coursework centered on discussion, writing or group projects instead of high-stakes exams. Easy college programs use flexible formats such as online delivery, generous transfer credit policies and supportive instruction, making them more accessible to a wider range of students.

Degree difficulty is subjective. What feels manageable to one student may be challenging to another, depending on individual strengths and interests. A student who excels in writing and critical analysis may find liberal arts programs easier, while others may prefer structured, technical fields.

The easiest college majors may be less demanding academically, career outcomes still vary. Some graduates may need additional study or professional certifications to meet long-term goals.

What’s the Difference Between a Degree and a Diploma?

The main difference between a degree and a diploma is that a degree provides a comprehensive education combining major-specific and general studies, while a diploma delivers practical, career-focused training in a shorter, specialized program.

Degree programs at the associate, bachelor’s, master’s and doctorate levels require 2 to 7 years of study and include broad academic coursework with general education requirements. Diploma programs are completed in less than 2 years. Certain diploma programs last only a few months and focus on hands-on training and job preparation without general education. Diplomas are awarded by vocational or technical schools and suit students seeking direct entry into the workforce.

How to Plan Your Degree Path?

Find below a list of the key steps to planning academic studies.

Research Degree Options and Career Outcomes. Research degree options and career outcomes by exploring various academic programs and matching them to your career interests, strengths and long-term plans. Use resources from academic advisors or degree consultants to compare pathways and understand potential professional outcomes.
Identify Required Coursework and Prerequisites. Identify required coursework and prerequisites early to ensure your academic plan includes all core classes, electives and any prerequisite subjects. Mapping required coursework and prerequisites helps structure a clear semester-by-semester schedule aligned with graduation goals.
Seek Internships or Relevant Work Experiences. Seek internships or relevant work experiences to enhance your academic learning with real-world applications. Look for opportunities that allow you to build skills, gain insights into your chosen field and improve employability upon graduation.
Set Short-term and Long-term Academic Goals. Set short-term and long-term academic goals to maintain focus and measure progress. Establish milestones for each academic year and be prepared to adjust plans based on new interests, opportunities or changes in career direction with the support of an education consultant.